Things Fall Apart

Definition

Things Fall Apart is a novel by Chinua Achebe, published in 1958, that tells the story of Okonkwo, a proud and ambitious Igbo leader in pre-colonial Nigeria. The narrative explores the complexities of traditional Igbo society and the devastating impact of British colonialism and Christian missionaries on indigenous cultures.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Okonkwo, the protagonist, is driven by a fear of failure and weakness, which leads him to adopt a harsh demeanor and a strict adherence to traditional masculine ideals.
2. The novel is divided into three parts, showcasing Okonkwo's rise to prominence in his village, the arrival of colonial forces, and the eventual disintegration of his world.
3. Achebe uses proverbs and folktales throughout the narrative to convey the values and beliefs of Igbo culture, illustrating the richness of their oral tradition.
4. The title 'Things Fall Apart' reflects the disintegration of Igbo society as it confronts the challenges posed by colonialism and the clash of cultures.
5. Achebe's work is considered a seminal text in postcolonial literature, providing a counter-narrative to colonial depictions of African societies.

Review Questions

• How does Achebe portray the conflict between traditional Igbo culture and British colonialism in 'Things Fall Apart'?
  • Achebe illustrates the clash between traditional Igbo culture and British colonialism through the experiences of Okonkwo and his community. The arrival of missionaries and colonial officials disrupts social norms, leading to cultural misunderstandings and conflicts. The novel highlights how these external forces undermine the fabric of Igbo society, ultimately resulting in tragic consequences for individuals like Okonkwo who struggle to adapt to changing realities.
• In what ways does Okonkwo's character reflect broader themes of masculinity and societal expectations in 'Things Fall Apart'?
  • Okonkwo's character embodies traditional notions of masculinity that prioritize strength, success, and dominance. His fear of being perceived as weak drives him to harshly enforce these ideals upon himself and his family. This internal conflict highlights how societal expectations can lead to personal tragedy, as Okonkwo's rigid adherence to masculinity ultimately contributes to his downfall when faced with the transformations brought about by colonial influence.
• Evaluate Achebe's use of narrative structure in 'Things Fall Apart' and its effectiveness in conveying the themes of cultural disruption.
  • Achebe employs a tripartite narrative structure that mirrors the rise and fall of Okonkwo against the backdrop of societal change. This structure allows readers to witness both personal and collective disintegration as colonial forces encroach upon Igbo life. By carefully pacing the story through different phases—pre-colonial stability, colonial intrusion, and post-colonial chaos—Achebe effectively emphasizes the profound impact of cultural disruption on individual identities and community cohesion.

Related terms

Colonialism:

The practice of acquiring control over another country, often through military force or political domination, leading to significant cultural and social changes.

Igbo Culture: The customs, traditions, and social structures of the Igbo people, one of the largest ethnic groups in Nigeria, characterized by communal living and rich oral traditions.

Postcolonial Literature: A genre of literature that examines the effects and consequences of colonialism on cultures and societies, often highlighting themes of identity, displacement, and resistance.