Realistic conflict theory posits that intergroup conflict arises from competition over limited resources, leading to prejudice and discrimination between groups. This theory suggests that when groups perceive they are in competition for scarce resources, hostility and bias develop as a means of protecting their interests. The framework emphasizes how economic and material concerns can drive social divisions and reinforce stereotypes.
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Realistic conflict theory was developed by social psychologist Muzafer Sherif through experiments like the Robbers Cave study, which illustrated how competition can fuel hostility between groups.
The theory highlights that conflicts are not just about cultural differences but often stem from tangible competition over resources like jobs, land, or political power.
When groups experience a perceived threat to their resources, they are more likely to dehumanize the opposing group, leading to increased bias and discrimination.
Reducing intergroup conflict can be achieved through superordinate goals, where competing groups work together towards a shared objective that benefits both sides.
Realistic conflict theory helps explain various social issues, including racism, xenophobia, and classism, by emphasizing the underlying economic factors at play.
Review Questions
How does realistic conflict theory explain the development of prejudice between competing groups?
Realistic conflict theory explains that prejudice develops as a result of competition for limited resources. When two groups vie for the same resources, such as jobs or housing, they may begin to view each other as threats. This perception leads to increased hostility and negative attitudes towards the opposing group, creating a cycle of bias that can further entrench intergroup divisions.
What role do superordinate goals play in addressing conflicts as described by realistic conflict theory?
Superordinate goals are crucial in reducing conflict according to realistic conflict theory because they require cooperation between competing groups. When groups are united in pursuing a common objective that benefits both sides, it can diminish the animosity fostered by competition. This collaborative effort helps break down barriers and fosters understanding, ultimately leading to decreased prejudice and improved relations between groups.
Evaluate the implications of realistic conflict theory on modern societal issues like racism or immigration bias.
The implications of realistic conflict theory on modern societal issues are significant, as it suggests that economic factors often underpin bias and discrimination. For instance, perceptions of immigrants as competitors for jobs can lead to increased xenophobia. By understanding these dynamics, policymakers can address the root causes of such conflicts by promoting shared goals and opportunities that benefit all communities, ultimately fostering inclusivity and reducing bias in society.
The practice of blaming an individual or group for problems or grievances, often diverting attention away from the actual causes of those issues.
social identity theory: A psychological theory that explains how individuals derive part of their self-concept from their membership in social groups, influencing their attitudes and behaviors towards others.