Daniel Defoe - Robinson Crusoe

Definition

Daniel Defoe's 'Robinson Crusoe' is a novel published in 1719 that tells the story of a man stranded on a deserted island after a shipwreck, focusing on themes of survival, self-sufficiency, and civilization. As one of the earliest novels in English literature, it marks a significant point in the rise of the European novel, showcasing the development of individualism and exploration of the human experience.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. 'Robinson Crusoe' is often considered one of the first novels in English literature, paving the way for future narrative forms.
2. The protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, exemplifies themes of individualism and self-reliance as he survives alone on the island for 28 years.
3. Defoe's work reflects the colonial mindset of the 18th century, as Crusoe's isolation leads to both personal growth and a desire to control his environment.
4. The novel has been interpreted as an allegory for economic capitalism, showcasing how Crusoe transforms his environment for personal gain.
5. Defoe’s attention to detail in describing Crusoe’s daily life establishes a sense of realism that influenced later authors in the development of the novel form.

Review Questions

• How does Defoe's portrayal of Robinson Crusoe reflect the ideals of individualism during the early 18th century?
  • 'Robinson Crusoe' captures the spirit of individualism by illustrating how Crusoe relies solely on his own skills and resourcefulness to survive. His journey from shipwrecked sailor to self-sufficient inhabitant of the island emphasizes the Enlightenment belief in human potential. Defoe portrays Crusoe's determination and adaptability, showcasing a shift towards valuing personal achievement and independence as essential qualities in society.
• In what ways does 'Robinson Crusoe' illustrate elements of realism in its narrative style and content?
  • 'Robinson Crusoe' employs realism by offering detailed accounts of Crusoe's daily activities, struggles, and resource management while stranded on the island. Defoe meticulously describes his efforts to build shelter, cultivate food, and create tools, which grounds the story in relatable human experiences. This attention to everyday life set a precedent for future novelists to incorporate realistic details into their narratives, making literature more reflective of actual human conditions.
• Evaluate how 'Robinson Crusoe' addresses themes related to colonialism and its implications on identity and culture during its time.
  • 'Robinson Crusoe' serves as both an adventure story and a commentary on colonial attitudes prevalent during Defoe's era. The novel portrays Crusoe's initial isolation as a means for self-discovery but soon shifts toward domination over nature and other characters he encounters. This reflects European colonial views that valued control over foreign lands and peoples. The way Crusoe ultimately redefines himself through these encounters illustrates how identity can be influenced by cultural imposition and power dynamics typical of colonial relationships.

Related terms

Realism: A literary movement that attempts to represent life accurately and truthfully, often focusing on everyday experiences and social issues.

Colonialism:

The practice of acquiring and maintaining control over foreign territories, often involving the settlement of colonizers and the exploitation of resources.

Narrative Structure: The framework that underlies the order and manner in which a narrative is presented, including elements like point of view and character development.