Argument from authority

Definition

An argument from authority is a logical reasoning strategy where the credibility of a claim is supported by citing an authoritative figure or expert in the relevant field. This form of argumentation relies on the idea that if an expert endorses a claim, it is more likely to be true, although it does not guarantee its validity. It plays a significant role in logical reasoning and argumentation by providing a way to bolster arguments with external validation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Argument from authority can be effective in persuasive speaking when the authority cited is widely respected and relevant to the topic at hand.
2. It's crucial to assess the credibility of the authority being cited; if they lack expertise or have bias, the argument may be weakened.
3. Relying solely on an argument from authority can lead to flawed reasoning, especially if there are conflicting expert opinions.
4. This type of argument can be found in various fields such as law, science, and politics, where expert opinions hold significant weight.
5. While an argument from authority can add support to claims, it should be complemented with evidence and logical reasoning for a robust argument.

Review Questions

• How can you effectively use an argument from authority in your own persuasive speaking?
  • To effectively use an argument from authority in persuasive speaking, first ensure that the authority you cite is credible and relevant to your topic. Provide background information about their qualifications and why their opinion matters. Additionally, supplement this authority with supporting evidence and data to strengthen your argument, rather than relying solely on their status. This approach can enhance your credibility while making your overall argument more compelling.
• What are some potential drawbacks of relying too heavily on an argument from authority when constructing an argument?
  • Relying too heavily on an argument from authority can lead to potential drawbacks, including the risk of falling into a logical fallacy known as appeal to authority. If the cited authority lacks relevant expertise or has biases, their endorsement may not add value to your argument. Additionally, over-reliance on authority can stifle critical thinking and discourage audiences from examining the evidence themselves. It's essential to balance this type of argument with sound reasoning and empirical evidence.
• Evaluate the role of expert testimony in arguments from authority and its impact on the audience's perception of truth.
  • Expert testimony plays a pivotal role in arguments from authority as it can significantly influence the audience's perception of truth. When experts present their insights or findings, they lend credibility to claims due to their specialized knowledge and experience. However, it's important for audiences to remain discerning; they should consider not just who is speaking, but also the quality and reliability of the evidence presented. The impact of expert testimony can vary based on how well it aligns with other available information and whether it stimulates further inquiry or critical thought among listeners.

Related terms

appeal to authority: A fallacy that occurs when someone claims something is true simply because an authority figure believes it, without examining the evidence.

expert testimony: The use of a professional's specialized knowledge to support an argument, often seen as reliable due to their expertise.

logical fallacy: An error in reasoning that undermines the logic of an argument, often leading to invalid conclusions.