Teotihuacan

Definition

Teotihuacan was a significant ancient Mesoamerican city located near modern-day Mexico City, known for its impressive architectural achievements and as a major cultural and economic center from approximately 100 BCE to 550 CE. The city is characterized by its monumental pyramids, such as the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon, which reflect the city's importance in Mesoamerican civilizations as a hub for trade, religion, and cultural exchange.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Teotihuacan was one of the largest cities in the ancient world, with an estimated population of over 100,000 at its peak.
2. The city's layout featured a grid pattern, with wide avenues and residential complexes that indicate a high level of urban planning.
3. Teotihuacan was an influential trade center, connecting various regions in Mesoamerica through its extensive trade networks.
4. Art and culture thrived in Teotihuacan, with intricate murals and pottery that showcase the city's vibrant artistic expression.
5. The decline of Teotihuacan around 550 CE remains a subject of debate among scholars, with theories ranging from internal strife to environmental factors.

Review Questions

• How did Teotihuacan's urban design contribute to its status as a major cultural center in Mesoamerica?
  • Teotihuacan's urban design, characterized by its organized grid layout and wide avenues, allowed for efficient movement of people and goods. This thoughtful planning facilitated trade and communication among residents, enhancing its role as a cultural hub. The monumental structures like the Pyramids served not only as religious centers but also as landmarks that attracted visitors and traders, solidifying Teotihuacan's position in Mesoamerican society.
• In what ways did Teotihuacan influence later Mesoamerican civilizations?
  • Teotihuacan had a profound influence on later Mesoamerican civilizations through its architectural styles, religious practices, and trade networks. The city's pyramids and urban layout set a precedent for future cultures like the Aztecs. Additionally, many deities worshiped in Teotihuacan, such as Quetzalcoatl, continued to be revered by subsequent civilizations. This cultural legacy demonstrates how Teotihuacan shaped the social and religious landscape of Mesoamerica long after its decline.
• Evaluate the theories surrounding the decline of Teotihuacan and their implications for understanding Mesoamerican history.
  • The decline of Teotihuacan around 550 CE has led to various theories among historians, including internal conflict, resource depletion, or climatic changes. Understanding these factors is essential because they reveal how complex societal dynamics can lead to significant changes in powerful civilizations. The collapse of such a prominent city not only impacted its immediate region but also had ripple effects throughout Mesoamerica, illustrating the interconnectedness of these ancient cultures.

Related terms

Pyramid of the Sun: One of the largest pyramids in Teotihuacan, it is believed to have been built around 200 CE and served as a central religious site in the city.

Mesoamerican Ballgame: A ceremonial sport played by various Mesoamerican cultures, including those in Teotihuacan, which had significant religious and social implications.

Quetzalcoatl: A prominent deity in Mesoamerican cultures, often associated with wind, air, and learning; Teotihuacan played a role in the worship of this god.