Pediment

Definition

A pediment is a triangular architectural element that sits atop a building, typically found above the entrance and often supported by columns. It serves both decorative and structural purposes, enhancing the overall design while also framing the space beneath it. This feature is commonly associated with classical and neoclassical styles, where its proportions and decorative details reflect the values of harmony and balance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The pediment originated in ancient Greek architecture and was used extensively in temples, such as the Parthenon, to symbolize order and beauty.
2. In neoclassical architecture, the pediment became a prominent feature in public buildings, reflecting ideals of democracy and civic virtue.
3. Pediments can be either plain or adorned with sculptures or reliefs that depict mythological or historical scenes.
4. The size and shape of the pediment can vary, ranging from shallow to deeply sloped, depending on the architectural style and purpose of the building.
5. In addition to its aesthetic function, the pediment can help protect the building's entrance from weather elements like rain and snow.

Review Questions

• How does the design of a pediment contribute to the overall aesthetics of classical architecture?
  • The design of a pediment enhances the aesthetics of classical architecture by providing a harmonious triangular shape that draws the eye upward, creating a sense of grandeur and balance. It serves as a focal point above entrances, emphasizing the importance of the space below. The intricate details often found on pediments, such as sculptures or decorative motifs, add to their visual appeal, reflecting the cultural values of beauty and proportion in classical architecture.
• Discuss how neoclassical architecture utilized pediments to convey ideological messages about government and society.
  • Neoclassical architecture utilized pediments as powerful symbols in conveying messages about government and society, emphasizing ideals such as democracy, civic responsibility, and enlightenment thought. By incorporating large, prominent pediments in public buildings like museums and government structures, architects communicated a connection to ancient Greek and Roman ideals. The use of pediments not only signified stability and permanence but also served to inspire civic pride among citizens by linking contemporary society to revered historical traditions.
• Evaluate the significance of pediments in both classical and neoclassical architecture, considering their cultural and historical implications.
  • Pediments hold significant cultural and historical implications in both classical and neoclassical architecture. In classical times, they represented the artistic mastery of ancient civilizations, embodying principles of symmetry and order that influenced later architectural movements. In neoclassical architecture, the revival of pediments symbolized a return to these classical ideals during periods of political change and social reform. This revival not only reinforced connections to ancient heritage but also reflected contemporary aspirations for democratic governance and cultural identity during times of upheaval in Europe and America.

Related terms

Frieze: A horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration situated above the columns and below the pediment.

Entablature: The horizontal structure supported by columns, which includes the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Column:

A vertical support structure that can be plain or decorated, often used to support entablatures and pediments.