Jainism

Definition

Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that emphasizes non-violence, truth, and asceticism as a way to achieve spiritual purity and liberation from the cycle of birth and death. This religion teaches that every living being possesses a soul, and by practicing strict ethical principles and self-discipline, one can attain enlightenment and break free from karmic bondage.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Jainism is one of the oldest religions in India, with roots tracing back to the 6th century BCE, often attributed to Mahavira, its 24th Tirthankara.
2. Jains practice a lifestyle that includes strict vegetarianism and fasting as a way to reduce harm to living beings, reflecting their commitment to ahimsa.
3. The two main sects of Jainism are Digambara and Svetambara, which differ in beliefs about monastic practices and the role of women in religious life.
4. Jain temples are known for their intricate architecture and detailed sculptures that depict Tirthankaras and various aspects of Jain cosmology.
5. Jain festivals such as Paryushana promote spiritual reflection, self-discipline, and community involvement, reinforcing the values of Jain teachings.

Review Questions

• How does the principle of ahimsa influence the daily lives of Jains?
  • The principle of ahimsa, or non-violence, deeply influences the daily lives of Jains by guiding their dietary choices, lifestyle habits, and interactions with others. Jains adhere to strict vegetarianism, avoiding any form of violence against animals. This commitment extends to their thoughts and words, as they aim to minimize harm not just physically but also emotionally and spiritually. Overall, ahimsa shapes a compassionate worldview that permeates every aspect of Jain living.
• Discuss the significance of karma in Jain belief and how it impacts one's spiritual journey.
  • In Jain belief, karma is a fundamental concept that explains how actions directly influence an individual's spiritual journey. Good actions accumulate positive karma, leading to better circumstances in future rebirths, while harmful actions result in negative karma, creating obstacles on the path to liberation. Jains strive to purify their souls by minimizing negative actions and maximizing virtuous deeds. Understanding karma shapes how Jains approach ethical living and spiritual discipline.
• Evaluate the role of Tirthankaras in shaping Jain philosophy and practice throughout history.
  • Tirthankaras play a crucial role in shaping Jain philosophy and practice by serving as exemplars of ideal conduct and spiritual achievement. Their teachings provide guidance for followers on the path to liberation from samsara (the cycle of birth and death). Throughout history, each Tirthankara has contributed unique insights that have enriched Jain thought. The reverence for Tirthankaras fosters a sense of community among Jains as they celebrate their legacies through rituals, teachings, and festivals.

Related terms

Ahimsa: The principle of non-violence towards all living beings, which is central to Jain beliefs and practices.

Karma:

A concept that refers to the actions of individuals and their consequences, affecting their future rebirths; a core teaching in Jain philosophy.

Tirthankara: Spiritual teachers in Jainism who have attained enlightenment and guide others on the path to liberation; the most recent Tirthankara is Mahavira.