key term - Guru

Definition

A guru is a spiritual teacher or guide in Sikhism who provides knowledge, wisdom, and insight to their followers. In Sikh tradition, the term specifically refers to the ten Sikh Gurus, who are revered as enlightened beings that laid down the foundations of Sikh faith and practice. The teachings of these Gurus emphasize the importance of community, equality, and devotion to God.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The ten Sikh Gurus include Guru Nanak (the founder) and Guru Gobind Singh (the last Guru), who played crucial roles in shaping Sikh beliefs and practices.
2. Each Guru contributed unique teachings that collectively form the foundation of Sikh philosophy, including concepts like selfless service and devotion to God.
3. The Gurus emphasized direct personal experience of God rather than reliance on rituals or intermediaries, which was revolutionary at the time.
4. Guru Gobind Singh declared that after him, the Guru Granth Sahib would be regarded as the eternal Guru, affirming the importance of scripture in guiding followers.
5. The legacy of the Gurus continues to inspire Sikhs worldwide in their daily lives, particularly through community service and adherence to ethical living.

Review Questions

• How did the teachings of the Sikh Gurus influence the social and religious practices within Sikh communities?
  • The teachings of the Sikh Gurus greatly influenced social practices by promoting equality among all people, regardless of caste or gender. They advocated for community service, which is reflected in practices like Langar, where everyone shares a meal together. This emphasis on egalitarianism challenged societal norms of discrimination and helped foster a sense of unity within diverse communities.
• Discuss the role of Guru Granth Sahib in Sikhism after the line of human Gurus ended with Guru Gobind Singh.
  • After Guru Gobind Singh declared that there would be no more human Gurus, the Guru Granth Sahib took on a pivotal role as the eternal Guru for Sikhs. This scripture encompasses not only the hymns and teachings of the ten Gurus but also includes those from other spiritual leaders. As such, it guides Sikhs in their spiritual practice and daily life, serving as a source of wisdom and moral guidance.
• Evaluate how the concept of a guru differs in Sikhism compared to other religious traditions that also emphasize spiritual teachers.
  • In Sikhism, the concept of a guru is unique because it combines both spiritual authority and community leadership without any hierarchy based on caste or social status. Unlike in some traditions where gurus may be seen as infallible or possessing exclusive knowledge, Sikh Gurus encouraged direct personal connection with God and valued community input. This open approach has fostered an inclusive environment within Sikhism that contrasts with more hierarchical systems found in other religions.

Related terms

Sikhism:

A monotheistic religion founded in the Punjab region of South Asia in the 15th century, emphasizing equality, community service, and devotion to one God.

Guru Granth Sahib:

The holy scripture of Sikhism, which is considered the eternal Guru after the ten human Gurus and contains hymns and teachings of the Gurus as well as other saints.

Langar:

A communal meal served to all visitors in a Gurdwara, reflecting the Sikh principles of equality and community service.