Odissi

Definition

Odissi is a classical dance form from the Indian state of Odisha, characterized by intricate footwork, expressive hand gestures, and graceful body movements. This dance style is deeply rooted in Hindu religious themes and often depicts stories from ancient Indian scriptures, showcasing devotion to deities such as Lord Krishna and Goddess Durga.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Odissi is one of the oldest surviving dance forms in India, with origins dating back to ancient temples where dancers performed for deities.
2. The dance is known for its distinctive 'tribhangi' posture, where the body is divided into three bends - at the neck, torso, and knee, creating a graceful and aesthetic appeal.
3. Odissi incorporates specific mudras (hand gestures) that communicate different emotions and narratives, drawing heavily from Hindu mythology.
4. Traditionally performed by Devadasis (temple dancers), Odissi has evolved over the years but still retains its spiritual essence and connection to temple rituals.
5. The dance form gained international recognition in the 20th century, thanks to efforts by pioneers like Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra and Sanjukta Panigrahi who revived and popularized it.

Review Questions

• How does Odissi reflect Hindu religious themes through its performance?
  • Odissi reflects Hindu religious themes by embodying stories from ancient texts and focusing on devotion to deities like Lord Krishna and Goddess Durga. The movements, expressions, and gestures are meticulously designed to convey these stories and emotions. Dancers often perform pieces that celebrate the divine, enhancing the spiritual atmosphere of temples where this dance was traditionally performed.
• Discuss the significance of the 'tribhangi' posture in Odissi and its impact on the overall aesthetic of the dance.
  • The 'tribhangi' posture is significant in Odissi as it symbolizes grace and beauty through the three bends of the body. This posture allows dancers to create dynamic shapes that enhance visual appeal and emphasize fluidity in movements. It also plays a crucial role in storytelling within the performance, allowing for expressive interpretations of the narratives being depicted.
• Evaluate the role of historical context in shaping Odissi as a classical dance form from its origins to contemporary practice.
  • The historical context has profoundly shaped Odissi as it transitioned from temple rituals performed by Devadasis to a celebrated classical dance recognized globally. The decline of temple patronage and social changes prompted a revival movement in the 20th century, led by key figures who redefined Odissi for modern stages while preserving its traditional roots. This evolution reflects broader cultural shifts in India and illustrates how art can adapt while maintaining its core spiritual essence.

Related terms

Natya Shastra:

An ancient Indian treatise on performing arts, which outlines the theory and practice of dance, drama, and music in Hindu culture.

Sanskrit: An ancient Indo-European language of India, which is the liturgical language of Hinduism and the language in which many classical texts, including dance compositions, are written.

Bhakti Movement: A spiritual movement in medieval India that emphasized personal devotion to a deity, significantly influencing various forms of art, including dance and music.