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🕉️intro to hinduism review

Monotheism vs. Polytheism

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

Monotheism is the belief in a single, all-powerful deity, while polytheism is the belief in multiple gods, each with distinct roles and attributes. In the context of historical and theological connections between Hinduism and Sikhism, these terms highlight the evolution of religious thought and practices in South Asia, illustrating how these two religions approach the divine in fundamentally different ways.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Hinduism is primarily characterized as polytheistic due to its vast pantheon of gods and goddesses, each representing different aspects of life and nature.
  2. Sikhism emerged in the 15th century, advocating for monotheism and rejecting idol worship, which distinguishes it from many Hindu practices.
  3. While Hinduism features many gods, it also contains philosophical strands that assert the oneness of Brahman, indicating a complex relationship with monotheistic concepts.
  4. Polytheistic practices in Hinduism include rituals and festivals dedicated to various deities, showcasing a rich tapestry of traditions and beliefs.
  5. The theological debate surrounding monotheism vs. polytheism reflects broader discussions on spirituality and the nature of divinity within Indian religions.

Review Questions

  • How do monotheistic beliefs in Sikhism contrast with polytheistic practices in Hinduism?
    • In Sikhism, the belief in one God is central, emphasizing devotion to a singular divine presence without idols or representations. In contrast, Hinduism embraces a polytheistic framework with numerous deities representing various aspects of existence. This divergence illustrates not only differences in worship but also distinct philosophies regarding the nature of divinity, with Sikhism advocating for unity under one God and Hinduism celebrating diversity through its multitude of gods.
  • Discuss how the concept of Brahman in Hindu philosophy relates to the idea of monotheism.
    • Brahman represents the ultimate reality or universal spirit in Hindu philosophy, often viewed as an all-encompassing source from which all things emanate. This concept aligns closely with monotheistic views by suggesting an underlying unity behind the diverse manifestations of deities within Hinduism. Thus, while Hindu practice may appear polytheistic, the philosophical understanding of Brahman can lead to interpretations that resonate with monotheistic beliefs, showcasing a nuanced relationship between these two perspectives.
  • Evaluate the impact of monotheism in Sikhism on its followers compared to the effects of polytheism in Hindu communities.
    • The impact of monotheism in Sikhism fosters a sense of community and equality among its followers, as it emphasizes devotion to one God and discourages social hierarchies often found in polytheistic traditions. In contrast, polytheistic practices in Hindu communities can lead to rich diversity in worship and cultural expressions but may also reinforce caste distinctions and social stratification. By promoting unity and egalitarian values through monotheistic belief systems, Sikhism encourages collective identity among its practitioners while simultaneously challenging some traditional societal norms prevalent in more diverse Hindu settings.