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🕉️intro to hinduism review

Harijans

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

Harijans, meaning 'children of God,' is a term coined by Mahatma Gandhi to refer to the community formerly known as 'Untouchables' within the Hindu caste system. This term emerged during the 19th and 20th centuries as part of a broader movement to reform Hindu society by advocating for the rights and dignity of those marginalized under traditional caste structures. Gandhi's use of the term aimed to promote social equality and remove the stigma associated with Untouchability, emphasizing their humanity and contributions to society.

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5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Mahatma Gandhi introduced the term 'Harijan' in the early 20th century as a way to challenge the derogatory terms used for Untouchables.
  2. Gandhi advocated for the upliftment of Harijans, promoting access to education, sanitation, and other basic rights.
  3. The movement to uplift Harijans was part of a larger struggle against British colonial rule, as it sought to unify different social groups under a common cause.
  4. The term 'Harijan' has been met with mixed reactions; while some embraced it, others prefer the term 'Dalit' which reflects their identity and struggle.
  5. Legislation in India, such as the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, has been enacted to protect the rights of Harijans and eliminate discrimination.

Review Questions

  • How did Gandhi's use of the term 'Harijans' reflect the goals of Hindu reform movements in the 19th and 20th centuries?
    • Gandhi's use of 'Harijans' aimed to uplift those marginalized by the caste system, aligning with the broader goals of Hindu reform movements that sought to promote social equality and justice. By redefining Untouchables as 'children of God,' Gandhi worked to dismantle stigma and foster inclusivity within society. This reform effort sought not only to improve the lives of Harijans but also aimed to challenge and transform traditional views on caste, contributing to a more equitable social structure.
  • In what ways did the concept of Harijans influence discussions about social justice in modern India?
    • The concept of Harijans significantly influenced discussions about social justice in modern India by highlighting issues related to caste discrimination and inequality. The advocacy for Harijans led to increased awareness of systemic injustices faced by Dalits and prompted legislative changes aimed at protecting their rights. This shift in perspective initiated a broader dialogue on social equity, contributing to movements advocating for the rights of marginalized communities and challenging entrenched social hierarchies.
  • Evaluate the legacy of Gandhi's term 'Harijans' in contemporary Indian society, considering its impact on social movements and identity.
    • The legacy of Gandhi's term 'Harijans' in contemporary Indian society is complex, as it played a crucial role in elevating discussions around caste discrimination while also facing criticism. While some still embrace the term for its connotations of dignity and respect, many prefer 'Dalit,' which emphasizes their ongoing struggle against oppression. This evolution reflects broader changes in social movements that advocate for self-identification and empowerment among marginalized communities. Ultimately, the discussion surrounding Harijans contributes to a larger narrative about caste dynamics in India today, influencing policies and mobilization efforts for social justice.