Advaita Vedanta

Definition

Advaita Vedanta is a non-dualistic philosophical school within Hinduism that emphasizes the identity of the individual soul (Atman) with the ultimate reality (Brahman). This perspective asserts that the perceived differences between the self and the universe are illusory, leading to a profound understanding of unity and interconnectedness.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Advaita Vedanta was most notably articulated by the philosopher Adi Shankaracharya in the 8th century CE, who helped shape its doctrines and spread its teachings across India.
2. This school of thought contrasts with dualistic philosophies that maintain a clear distinction between God and individual souls, emphasizing instead the idea of non-separation.
3. The core text of Advaita Vedanta is the 'Upanishads', particularly those that delve into the nature of reality and consciousness.
4. Advaita Vedanta teaches that liberation (moksha) can be achieved through knowledge (jnana) and realization of one's true self as identical with Brahman, rather than through rituals or devotion.
5. The philosophy has had a significant influence on various movements within Hinduism, as well as on modern philosophical and spiritual discussions globally.

Review Questions

• How does Advaita Vedanta redefine the relationship between Atman and Brahman, and what implications does this have for understanding self-identity?
  • Advaita Vedanta asserts that Atman, or the individual self, is not separate from Brahman, which is the ultimate reality. This non-dualistic perspective means that realizing one's true nature involves recognizing that there is no fundamental distinction between self and universal consciousness. The implications for self-identity are profound; instead of seeing oneself as an isolated entity, one begins to understand their identity as part of an interconnected whole, fundamentally altering perceptions of individuality.
• Discuss how Advaita Vedanta addresses the concept of Maya and its significance in realizing spiritual truth.
  • Advaita Vedanta views Maya as the illusion that obscures the true nature of reality, leading individuals to perceive separation between themselves and the cosmos. Understanding Maya is crucial in Advaita because it represents all distractions and misconceptions that prevent individuals from realizing their unity with Brahman. By transcending Maya through knowledge and insight, practitioners can achieve liberation from suffering and ignorance, thereby realizing their true identity as Atman.
• Evaluate the impact of Advaita Vedanta on contemporary spirituality and philosophy, considering both its historical roots and modern adaptations.
  • Advaita Vedanta's impact on contemporary spirituality is significant, influencing various spiritual movements both within Hinduism and globally. Its emphasis on non-duality resonates with modern seekers looking for unity amidst diversity. Furthermore, its teachings on self-realization have been adapted into new age philosophies that emphasize mindfulness and interconnectedness. Historically rooted in traditional texts like the Upanishads, its modern adaptations highlight its relevance today by addressing existential questions about identity, consciousness, and the nature of reality.

Related terms

Brahman: The ultimate, unchanging reality in Hindu philosophy, considered the source of all existence and the essence of everything.

Atman: The individual self or soul in Hindu philosophy, which is believed to be eternal and identical with Brahman in Advaita Vedanta.

Maya: The illusion or appearance of the physical world that distracts individuals from realizing their true nature as Atman, which is one with Brahman.