Natural gas

Definition

Natural gas is a fossil fuel primarily composed of methane, a hydrocarbon that forms from the decay of organic matter over millions of years. It is often found in association with oil deposits and is extracted through drilling methods. This energy source is considered cleaner than other fossil fuels, as it produces fewer pollutants and greenhouse gases when burned.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Natural gas is often referred to as a 'bridge fuel' because it can facilitate the transition from more polluting fossil fuels to renewable energy sources.
2. The extraction and use of natural gas have significantly increased in recent decades due to advancements in drilling technologies like hydraulic fracturing.
3. Natural gas can be transported over long distances through pipelines or as liquefied natural gas (LNG) after being cooled to a liquid state.
4. It plays a crucial role in electricity generation, heating, and as a feedstock in the production of chemicals and fertilizers.
5. Although it burns cleaner than coal and oil, natural gas extraction and usage can still result in methane leaks, which are potent greenhouse gases.

Review Questions

• How does the composition of natural gas influence its environmental impact compared to other fossil fuels?
  • The composition of natural gas, primarily methane, allows it to burn cleaner than other fossil fuels like coal and oil. When combusted, natural gas emits less carbon dioxide per unit of energy produced, making it a preferable option in reducing air pollution. However, it's important to note that methane itself is a potent greenhouse gas if released into the atmosphere unburned, which can diminish its environmental benefits.
• Evaluate the significance of hydraulic fracturing in the extraction of natural gas and its implications for energy markets.
  • Hydraulic fracturing has revolutionized natural gas extraction by making previously inaccessible reserves economically viable. This technique has led to a dramatic increase in domestic natural gas production in several countries, notably the United States. As a result, energy markets have experienced shifts in supply and pricing dynamics, reducing dependence on imported oil and enhancing energy security.
• Analyze the role of natural gas in the context of global efforts to combat climate change and transition to renewable energy sources.
  • Natural gas serves as a critical component in global strategies aimed at mitigating climate change by acting as a transitional fuel that supports a shift away from more carbon-intensive energy sources like coal. Its ability to provide reliable energy while renewable technologies continue to develop makes it an essential part of modern energy strategies. However, addressing methane emissions during extraction and usage remains a challenge that must be managed to maximize its climate benefits.

Related terms

methane: Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon and the primary component of natural gas, consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.

fossil fuels: Fossil fuels are natural substances formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals, including coal, oil, and natural gas, used primarily for energy production.

hydraulic fracturing: Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a technique used to extract natural gas from deep underground rock formations by injecting high-pressure fluid to create fractures.