Carbon sequestration

Definition

Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) to mitigate climate change and its effects. This process can occur naturally through biological, geological, or oceanic systems, and it is essential for regulating the Earth's carbon cycle and promoting ecosystem health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Carbon sequestration can occur through natural processes like afforestation and reforestation, as plants absorb CO2 during photosynthesis.
2. Technological methods for carbon sequestration include direct air capture and storage in underground geological formations, which can store CO2 for thousands of years.
3. Healthy ecosystems, such as forests and wetlands, are essential for effective carbon sequestration since they have a higher capacity to absorb and store carbon.
4. Carbon sequestration helps mitigate climate change by reducing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, thus helping to stabilize global temperatures.
5. Policies promoting carbon sequestration practices can enhance biodiversity by restoring habitats and improving ecosystem resilience.

Review Questions

• How does carbon sequestration contribute to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health?
  • Carbon sequestration plays a vital role in biodiversity conservation by promoting healthy ecosystems that can absorb higher levels of CO2. When habitats such as forests or wetlands are preserved or restored, they not only store carbon but also provide essential services like clean air, water filtration, and habitats for various species. These ecosystems are often more resilient to climate change impacts, further supporting the survival of diverse plant and animal life.
• Discuss the relationship between carbon sequestration and the carbon cycle in maintaining climate stability.
  • Carbon sequestration is integral to the carbon cycle as it helps balance the natural exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. By capturing CO2 from the atmosphere, whether through natural processes like photosynthesis or technological methods such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), we can reduce atmospheric carbon levels. This balance is crucial for maintaining climate stability, as excessive atmospheric CO2 contributes to global warming and climate disruption.
• Evaluate the potential challenges and benefits of implementing large-scale carbon sequestration strategies in combating climate change.
  • Implementing large-scale carbon sequestration strategies presents both challenges and benefits. Challenges include high costs associated with technology development and deployment, potential risks to groundwater from geological storage methods, and the need for significant land use changes. However, the benefits are substantial; successful implementation can lead to significant reductions in atmospheric CO2 levels, enhance ecosystem health, provide economic opportunities in green technology sectors, and support international climate goals. The balance between these factors is critical in assessing the feasibility of such initiatives.

Related terms

Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and releasing oxygen.

Carbon Cycle: The continuous movement of carbon among the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms, crucial for maintaining life and regulating the climate.

Soil Carbon Storage: The accumulation of carbon in soil organic matter, which plays a vital role in soil fertility and acts as a significant carbon sink.