Stephen Krashen

Definition

Stephen Krashen is a prominent linguist and educational researcher known for his theories on second language acquisition. His work emphasizes the importance of comprehensible input, the distinction between acquisition and learning, and the role of motivation in language learning. Krashen's theories have significantly influenced language teaching methods and approaches worldwide.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Krashen's Input Hypothesis states that learners acquire language best when they are exposed to input that is just beyond their current level, often referred to as 'i+1'.
2. He distinguishes between 'acquisition', which is an unconscious process similar to how children learn their first language, and 'learning', which is a conscious process involving formal education.
3. Krashen argues that meaningful interaction in the target language is crucial for effective learning, as it allows learners to engage with real-world contexts.
4. His theories advocate for immersion programs where learners are surrounded by the target language, promoting natural language development.
5. Krashen emphasizes the role of motivation in language acquisition, stating that highly motivated learners are more likely to succeed in acquiring a new language.

Review Questions

• How does Stephen Krashen's Input Hypothesis impact modern language teaching strategies?
  • Krashen's Input Hypothesis has transformed modern language teaching by encouraging educators to provide learners with comprehensible input that is slightly above their current proficiency level. This approach promotes natural language acquisition by allowing students to engage with material that challenges them without causing frustration. As a result, many teaching strategies now focus on immersive experiences and meaningful communication rather than rote memorization or extensive grammar drills.
• Evaluate the significance of the Affective Filter Hypothesis in understanding student motivation in language acquisition according to Krashen.
  • The Affective Filter Hypothesis is significant because it highlights how emotional factors can either facilitate or hinder language acquisition. According to Krashen, a low affective filter—characterized by high motivation, self-confidence, and low anxiety—creates an environment where learners can effectively absorb the target language. This understanding pushes educators to create supportive and engaging classrooms that address students' emotional needs, ultimately improving their chances of success in learning a new language.
• Synthesize Krashen's theories on second language acquisition with contemporary practices in bilingual education.
  • Krashen's theories on second language acquisition have been integrated into contemporary bilingual education practices, emphasizing the importance of comprehensible input and meaningful interaction. By aligning classroom activities with Krashen's principles, bilingual programs often prioritize immersive experiences that promote natural language use over traditional methods focused on grammar instruction. This synthesis not only supports effective language acquisition but also fosters a deeper cultural understanding among students, reflecting the growing recognition of holistic approaches in education today.

Related terms

Comprehensible Input: A key concept in Krashen's theory, referring to language that learners can understand, which is slightly above their current level of proficiency, facilitating natural language acquisition.

Affective Filter Hypothesis: A theory proposed by Krashen suggesting that emotional factors such as anxiety, motivation, and self-confidence can influence the success of language acquisition.

Natural Approach: A method of language teaching developed by Krashen and Tracy Terrell that focuses on communication and comprehension rather than formal grammar instruction.