Input Hypothesis

Definition

The Input Hypothesis is a theory proposed by Stephen Krashen that emphasizes the importance of comprehensible input in language acquisition. It suggests that language learners acquire a second language best when they are exposed to language that is slightly above their current proficiency level, often referred to as 'i + 1'. This concept connects closely with the processes of first and second language acquisition, highlighting how exposure to rich linguistic input fosters learning.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Input Hypothesis posits that learners need exposure to language input that is just beyond their current abilities to effectively acquire a second language.
2. Krashen argued that understanding this 'i + 1' input helps learners progress without feeling overwhelmed, allowing for natural acquisition.
3. The Input Hypothesis emphasizes the role of context and meaningful communication in language learning, rather than rote memorization.
4. This theory has influenced teaching methods by encouraging educators to provide engaging and accessible material for learners.
5. Research suggests that learners who receive adequate comprehensible input are more likely to develop better fluency and accuracy in the target language.

Review Questions

• How does the Input Hypothesis inform effective teaching strategies for second language learners?
  • The Input Hypothesis suggests that teachers should provide language input that is just above the learners' current level, known as 'i + 1'. This means using materials and contexts that challenge students while still being comprehensible. Effective strategies include using visuals, simplified texts, and interactive activities that promote understanding, which helps students acquire the language naturally.
• Discuss the role of comprehensible input in the context of both first and second language acquisition based on the Input Hypothesis.
  • Comprehensible input plays a crucial role in both first and second language acquisition by providing learners with the necessary exposure to language structures and vocabulary. For first language acquisition, children absorb input from their environment, gradually understanding and producing their native language. In second language acquisition, the Input Hypothesis emphasizes that learners benefit from exposure to slightly challenging material, enabling them to build upon their existing knowledge and progressively improve their skills.
• Evaluate the implications of the Input Hypothesis on learner motivation and engagement in language learning environments.
  • The Input Hypothesis has significant implications for learner motivation and engagement since it underscores the need for comprehensible and meaningful input. When learners are exposed to appropriate challenges without excessive difficulty, they are more likely to feel motivated and less anxious about using the target language. This positive emotional state fosters engagement, encouraging learners to participate actively in conversations and activities, ultimately leading to more successful language acquisition.

Related terms

Comprehensible Input: Language input that learners can understand, which is essential for facilitating language acquisition.

Affective Filter Hypothesis: A theory suggesting that emotional variables such as motivation and anxiety can influence the success of language acquisition.

Interlanguage: The evolving linguistic system that language learners create as they progress towards full proficiency in a second language.