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💕intro to cognitive science review

Central executive network

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

The central executive network is a crucial brain system involved in high-level cognitive functions such as attention, decision-making, and working memory. It plays a vital role in integrating information from various sources, enabling us to plan, initiate, and manage complex tasks. This network interacts with other brain regions to regulate mental processes and ensure that our cognitive resources are allocated effectively.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The central executive network primarily involves the prefrontal cortex, which is crucial for higher-order thinking and decision-making.
  2. This network helps in the coordination of attention, allowing individuals to prioritize tasks and filter out distractions.
  3. Research has shown that dysfunctions in the central executive network can lead to cognitive deficits, such as those seen in ADHD and other neurological disorders.
  4. Neuroimaging studies reveal that the central executive network shows increased activation during tasks requiring complex problem-solving or multitasking.
  5. This network works closely with the default mode network, particularly when switching between focused task engagement and introspective thought.

Review Questions

  • How does the central executive network contribute to working memory and attention regulation?
    • The central executive network significantly contributes to working memory by managing how information is temporarily stored and manipulated. It regulates attention by helping individuals prioritize relevant information while ignoring distractions. This coordination ensures that cognitive resources are effectively allocated for tasks requiring sustained focus or complex problem-solving.
  • Discuss the relationship between the central executive network and executive functions in terms of cognitive control.
    • The central executive network is integral to executing various executive functions, such as planning, decision-making, and problem-solving. It acts as a control center that coordinates these functions by integrating information from different brain areas. Effective cognitive control relies on this network to help individuals manage their behavior and adapt their strategies based on changing circumstances or goals.
  • Evaluate the implications of dysfunctions in the central executive network for cognitive performance in both healthy individuals and those with neurological disorders.
    • Dysfunctions in the central executive network can have profound implications for cognitive performance. In healthy individuals, it may result in decreased attention span or difficulties with multitasking. In those with neurological disorders like ADHD or schizophrenia, impairments in this network can exacerbate symptoms such as impulsivity or disorganized thinking. Understanding these effects highlights the importance of the central executive network in maintaining effective cognitive functioning across various populations.