Presbyterian Polity

Definition

Presbyterian polity is a system of church government that emphasizes the role of elected elders (presbyters) in governance, distinguishing it from other forms such as episcopal or congregational systems. This structure promotes collective leadership and accountability, where decisions are made by councils of elders rather than a single leader, reflecting a commitment to shared authority and community involvement in the church's mission.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Presbyterian polity is rooted in Reformed theology, which emphasizes God's sovereignty and the priesthood of all believers.
2. In this governance system, congregations elect ruling elders who serve on the session, providing local leadership alongside teaching elders (ministers).
3. Decisions in Presbyterian churches are made collectively through councils, which include sessions, presbyteries (regional bodies), and synods (larger regional groups).
4. The concept of 'presbyters' reflects a belief in shared leadership rather than hierarchical authority, promoting accountability among leaders.
5. This polity allows for a connectional system where local churches are linked together for support and mission work, fostering a sense of community among congregations.

Review Questions

• How does Presbyterian polity differ from episcopal and congregational church governance systems?
  • Presbyterian polity differs from episcopal governance, where authority is centralized in bishops, and from congregational governance, which emphasizes local autonomy. In Presbyterian polity, leadership is shared among elected elders who form councils at various levels. This collective decision-making process fosters accountability and community involvement, contrasting with hierarchical or solely congregational approaches.
• What roles do ruling elders and teaching elders play in the governance of a Presbyterian church?
  • Ruling elders are elected members of the congregation who provide leadership and guidance on the session, while teaching elders are ordained ministers responsible for preaching and teaching. Together, they form a collaborative leadership team that makes decisions regarding the church's spiritual life and operations. This structure underscores the importance of shared authority within Presbyterian polity.
• Evaluate how Presbyterian polity supports or challenges the idea of communal decision-making within a church setting.
  • Presbyterian polity strongly supports communal decision-making by establishing structures where multiple voices contribute to governance. This system empowers elected elders to participate actively in leadership alongside teaching elders, ensuring diverse perspectives influence decisions. However, challenges can arise if disagreements occur among leaders or if some congregants feel marginalized in discussions, highlighting the tension between collective input and maintaining unity within the church.

Related terms

Elders: Elders are elected leaders within the Presbyterian church who provide spiritual guidance and oversight, playing a key role in decision-making processes.

Session: The session is the governing body at the local level in Presbyterian polity, consisting of the pastor and ruling elders who oversee the life and ministry of the congregation.

General Assembly: The General Assembly is the highest governing body in the Presbyterian Church, made up of representatives from various regional bodies, responsible for broader policy and direction.