Fundamentalist

Definition

A fundamentalist is an individual or group that strictly adheres to a set of basic principles or doctrines, often in a religious context, and typically seeks to return to what they perceive as the original or foundational beliefs of their faith. This term is often associated with a reaction against modernity and liberal interpretations of religious texts, emphasizing literal interpretations and traditional values.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fundamentalism emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to modernist theology and secularism, particularly within Protestant Christianity.
2. Fundamentalists often emphasize the inerrancy of sacred texts, arguing that their scriptures are without error and should be taken literally.
3. This movement has been seen across various religions, not just Christianity; Islamic fundamentalism is another prominent example where adherents seek to return to the original teachings of Islam.
4. Fundamentalists tend to view themselves as protectors of traditional values, often opposing cultural changes that they see as threatening to their beliefs.
5. The term 'fundamentalism' has evolved over time and can sometimes carry negative connotations, suggesting extremism or intolerance towards other belief systems.

Review Questions

• How did fundamentalism arise as a response to liberal theology, and what are some of its core characteristics?
  • Fundamentalism arose in the late 19th century as a reaction against liberal theology, which embraced modernity and a more metaphorical interpretation of scriptures. Fundamentalists emphasize the literal truth of sacred texts, insisting on the inerrancy of their scriptures. Key characteristics include a strong adherence to traditional beliefs, a rejection of modern interpretations, and often an active mission to preserve what they see as foundational truths of their faith.
• Discuss the impact of fundamentalism on interfaith relations and how it interacts with concepts like religious pluralism.
  • Fundamentalism can create tensions in interfaith relations because it often promotes exclusive claims to truth, which can clash with the ideals of religious pluralism that advocate for coexistence and acceptance of diverse beliefs. Fundamentalists may view other religions or interpretations as threats to their own faith. This dynamic complicates dialogue between different faiths, as fundamentalists may prioritize adherence to their own doctrines over understanding or engaging with others.
• Evaluate the implications of fundamentalism on contemporary society, especially in terms of cultural conservatism versus progressive movements.
  • Fundamentalism significantly influences contemporary society by shaping cultural conservatism, often pushing back against progressive movements advocating for social change and inclusion. This creates a complex dynamic where fundamentalists rally for traditional values amidst rapidly changing social norms. The clash between these perspectives can lead to polarization within communities, affecting everything from politics to education, as each side navigates issues like gender roles, sexuality, and family structures. Understanding this tension is crucial for fostering dialogue and seeking common ground in an increasingly diverse world.

Related terms

Liberal Theology:

A theological perspective that emphasizes reason, experience, and social justice, often interpreting religious texts in a more metaphorical or contextual manner.

Evangelicalism: A movement within Christianity that emphasizes the authority of the Bible, personal conversion experiences, and active sharing of the faith.

Religious Pluralism:

The acknowledgment and acceptance of diverse religious beliefs and practices within a society, advocating for coexistence and dialogue among different faiths.