Dharma

Definition

Dharma refers to the moral law or duties that govern an individual's conduct in accordance with the natural order and ethical principles. It is a key concept in various Eastern religions, including Hinduism and Buddhism, where it influences personal choices and societal responsibilities, highlighting the balance between individual actions and their impact on the greater community.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dharma varies based on an individual's age, caste, gender, and social responsibilities, making it a highly personalized concept.
2. In Hinduism, fulfilling one's dharma is considered essential for maintaining cosmic order (rita) and achieving spiritual growth.
3. In Buddhism, dharma also refers to the teachings of the Buddha, guiding followers on their path to enlightenment.
4. The practice of dharma encourages individuals to act selflessly and responsibly within their communities, promoting social harmony.
5. Neglecting or violating one's dharma can lead to negative karma and hinder spiritual progress in both Hindu and Buddhist traditions.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of dharma differ across Hinduism and Buddhism, particularly in terms of its implications for individual behavior?
  • In Hinduism, dharma focuses on one's personal duties based on their social class and life stage, emphasizing responsibilities that contribute to societal balance. Conversely, in Buddhism, dharma primarily refers to the teachings of the Buddha that guide ethical conduct and mental development toward enlightenment. While both religions value moral action, Hinduism links dharma to cosmic order, while Buddhism connects it to personal spiritual growth.
• Analyze the relationship between dharma and karma in shaping moral responsibility within Eastern philosophies.
  • Dharma and karma are intricately linked in shaping moral responsibility in Eastern philosophies. Adhering to one's dharma is believed to generate positive karma, resulting in favorable outcomes in this life or future lives. Conversely, failing to fulfill one’s dharma can lead to negative karma, impacting future reincarnations. This connection reinforces the importance of ethical behavior and responsible choices within both Hinduism and Buddhism.
• Evaluate the significance of dharma in fostering social harmony and individual development within Eastern religious contexts.
  • Dharma plays a crucial role in fostering social harmony and individual development by establishing guidelines for ethical behavior that align personal actions with broader societal needs. By encouraging individuals to fulfill their responsibilities toward family, community, and self, dharma promotes cooperation and respect among diverse groups. This interconnectedness enhances communal well-being while also guiding individuals on their spiritual journeys toward enlightenment or liberation from samsara.

Related terms

Karma: The concept of action and its consequences, where one's deeds influence future experiences and circumstances.

Samsara: The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth in Hindu and Buddhist belief, which is influenced by one's adherence to dharma.

Moksha: The liberation from samsara, or the cycle of rebirth, achieved through understanding and fulfilling one's dharma.