Constantine

Definition

Constantine, also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD who played a crucial role in the rise of Christianity within the Roman Empire. He is best known for being the first emperor to convert to Christianity and for establishing the Edict of Milan in 313 AD, which granted religious tolerance throughout the empire and allowed Christians to practice their faith openly. His reign marked a significant turning point in the history of Christianity, transforming it from a persecuted sect into a favored religion of the empire.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Constantine was born in Naissus (modern-day Niš, Serbia) around 272 AD and rose through military ranks before becoming emperor.
2. He moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Byzantium, renaming it Constantinople, which later became a major center for Christianity.
3. The conversion of Constantine significantly influenced the spread of Christianity, leading to its acceptance and eventual dominance in Europe.
4. He was instrumental in the construction of significant churches, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem and the original St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.
5. Constantine's rule is often seen as a bridge between pagan Rome and Christian Rome, making him a pivotal figure in shaping Western civilization.

Review Questions

• How did Constantine's actions contribute to the spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire?
  • Constantine's conversion to Christianity and subsequent Edict of Milan significantly contributed to the spread of Christianity by legitimizing the faith within the Roman Empire. His support for Christian leaders and churches allowed for greater visibility and growth of Christian communities. By promoting religious tolerance, he created an environment where Christianity could flourish alongside traditional Roman religions, ultimately leading to its acceptance as a dominant religion.
• Analyze how Constantine’s establishment of Constantinople impacted both Christianity and the political landscape of the Roman Empire.
  • By establishing Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire, Constantine shifted both political power and religious significance to the East. This city became a major center for Christian thought and leadership, facilitating further theological developments like those seen in the Council of Nicaea. The political landscape changed as Constantinople emerged as a vital hub that would later lead to the rise of the Byzantine Empire, influencing Christian governance and culture in Europe for centuries.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of Constantine's reign on Western civilization and its religious landscape.
  • Constantine's reign had profound long-term effects on Western civilization, especially regarding its religious landscape. By endorsing Christianity, he set into motion a series of events that led to its widespread adoption across Europe. This not only altered religious practices but also influenced art, culture, law, and politics throughout history. The legacy of his support for Christianity continues to resonate today, as many Western societies still reflect values rooted in his transformative decisions.

Related terms

Edict of Milan: A proclamation issued in 313 AD by Constantine and Licinius that granted religious tolerance for Christianity and allowed Christians to worship openly without fear of persecution.

Council of Nicaea: A pivotal gathering in 325 AD convened by Constantine to address divisions within Christianity and establish foundational doctrines, including the Nicene Creed.

Byzantine Empire: The continuation of the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, heavily influenced by Constantine's establishment of Constantinople as its capital.