Xuanzang

Definition

Xuanzang was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, and translator who played a vital role in the transmission of Buddhism from India to China during the Tang Dynasty. His journey to India in the 7th century is one of the most famous in Buddhist history, allowing him to bring back key texts and teachings that significantly shaped Chinese Buddhism.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Xuanzang embarked on his pilgrimage to India in 629 CE, traveling over 10,000 miles through dangerous terrains and various kingdoms.
2. His journey lasted 17 years and was motivated by a desire to study Buddhist scriptures and obtain authentic texts directly from their source.
3. Upon returning to China in 645 CE, Xuanzang brought back 657 sacred texts, many of which were translated into Chinese, greatly enriching the local Buddhist canon.
4. Xuanzang founded the Xiangfu Temple in Chang'an, which became a center for Buddhist study and translation in China.
5. His life and travels were later romanticized in the classic Chinese novel 'Journey to the West', where he is depicted as a character alongside mythical companions.

Review Questions

• How did Xuanzang's travels influence the development of Buddhism in China?
  • Xuanzang's travels were crucial for the development of Buddhism in China as he sought out authentic teachings directly from their Indian roots. By bringing back numerous texts and scriptures, he not only enriched the Chinese Buddhist canon but also introduced new philosophical ideas. His translations helped bridge cultural gaps and allowed for deeper understanding and practice of Buddhism among Chinese followers.
• Discuss the challenges Xuanzang faced during his journey to India and how they impacted his mission.
  • Xuanzang faced numerous challenges during his journey, including harsh weather conditions, treacherous terrains, political instability in regions he passed through, and threats from bandits. These challenges tested his resolve but ultimately shaped his mission to acquire knowledge. The difficulties he overcame also added credibility to his scholarly pursuits upon returning to China, showcasing his dedication to authentic Buddhist teachings.
• Evaluate Xuanzang's contributions to Buddhist scholarship in China and their lasting significance in both historical and cultural contexts.
  • Xuanzang's contributions to Buddhist scholarship were monumental as he not only translated critical texts but also established frameworks for understanding Buddhist philosophy within a Chinese context. His work facilitated a blending of Indian Buddhism with Chinese culture, influencing practices and beliefs for centuries. Additionally, his legacy continues to resonate today as his life inspires cultural narratives like 'Journey to the West', which reflect enduring themes of perseverance and spiritual quest.

Related terms

Silk Road: An ancient trade route that connected the East and West, facilitating cultural, commercial, and religious exchanges, including the spread of Buddhism.

Tripitaka: The traditional term for the Buddhist scriptures, consisting of three 'baskets' or collections of teachings, which Xuanzang translated into Chinese.

Bodhisattva: In Mahayana Buddhism, a person who is on the path to Buddhahood and seeks enlightenment not only for themselves but also for all sentient beings.