Introduction of Buddhism to Sri Lanka

Definition

The introduction of Buddhism to Sri Lanka occurred around the 3rd century BCE, primarily through the efforts of Emperor Ashoka of India, who sent missionaries, including Mahinda, to spread the teachings of the Buddha. This marked a significant moment in the history of the island as it led to the establishment of Buddhism as a dominant religion and influenced various aspects of Sri Lankan culture and society.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Buddhism was introduced to Sri Lanka during the reign of King Devanampiya Tissa, who was among the first to convert to the religion after meeting Mahinda.
2. The arrival of Buddhism brought significant cultural and architectural developments, including the construction of stupas and monasteries.
3. The sacred Bodhi tree in Anuradhapura, a sapling from the original Bodhi tree under which Buddha attained enlightenment, was planted in Sri Lanka and remains an important pilgrimage site.
4. Buddhism in Sri Lanka has historically influenced art, literature, and governance, with kings often taking on the role of protector of the faith.
5. Over time, Sri Lankan Buddhism evolved into a unique form that combines traditional Theravada practices with local customs and beliefs.

Review Questions

• How did Emperor Ashoka's actions influence the introduction of Buddhism to Sri Lanka?
  • Emperor Ashoka significantly impacted the introduction of Buddhism to Sri Lanka by sending his son Mahinda as a missionary to spread the teachings of Buddhism. Ashoka's own conversion to Buddhism following his violent conquests motivated him to promote peace and dharma throughout his empire. The arrival of Mahinda marked a pivotal moment for Sri Lanka, as it led to King Devanampiya Tissa's conversion and laid the foundation for Buddhism to flourish on the island.
• Discuss the cultural impacts that the introduction of Buddhism had on Sri Lankan society.
  • The introduction of Buddhism transformed Sri Lankan society by fostering new cultural and artistic expressions, leading to monumental architecture like stupas and monasteries. It also promoted a new system of values centered around compassion, non-violence, and spiritual development. Additionally, Buddhist teachings influenced local governance, as kings began to see themselves as protectors of the faith, thus integrating religious principles into political authority.
• Evaluate how the establishment of Buddhism in Sri Lanka has shaped its historical identity and contemporary society.
  • The establishment of Buddhism in Sri Lanka has profoundly shaped its historical identity by intertwining religious beliefs with cultural practices and national consciousness. The faith became a central component of Sri Lankan identity, influencing everything from governance and law to art and literature. In contemporary society, while facing challenges such as globalization and religious pluralism, Buddhism continues to be a unifying force for many Sri Lankans, shaping social norms, community structures, and national discourse.

Related terms

Emperor Ashoka: A prominent Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who played a crucial role in spreading Buddhism across Asia after his conversion following the Kalinga War.

Theravada Buddhism:

One of the oldest forms of Buddhism that emphasizes individual enlightenment and is practiced predominantly in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia.

Mahinda:

The son of Emperor Ashoka who is credited with introducing Buddhism to Sri Lanka and establishing the first Buddhist community on the island.