key term - Dominant allele

Definition

A dominant allele is a variant of a gene that expresses its traits over another variant, known as a recessive allele, when both are present in an organism. This concept is central to inheritance patterns in genetics, where the presence of a dominant allele can mask the expression of a recessive allele, resulting in a phenotype that reflects the dominant trait. Understanding dominant alleles is crucial for predicting inheritance patterns and analyzing genetic traits in offspring.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dominant alleles are typically represented by uppercase letters (e.g., 'A'), while recessive alleles are represented by lowercase letters (e.g., 'a').
2. In a heterozygous genotype (e.g., Aa), the dominant allele (A) will determine the phenotype, while the recessive allele (a) will not be expressed.
3. Dominant alleles can lead to traits being expressed in the offspring even if only one parent contributes that dominant allele.
4. The presence of a dominant allele in an organism's genotype can significantly influence its phenotype, leading to observable traits like eye color or flower color.
5. Punnett squares are often used to predict the likelihood of offspring inheriting certain traits based on the combination of dominant and recessive alleles from their parents.

Review Questions

• How does the presence of a dominant allele affect the expression of traits in an organism?
  • The presence of a dominant allele affects trait expression by determining the phenotype of an organism. When a dominant allele is present alongside a recessive allele, the trait associated with the dominant allele is expressed, while the recessive trait is masked. This means that even if an organism has one copy of each allele (heterozygous), it will display the dominant characteristic instead of the recessive one.
• Discuss the implications of having a heterozygous genotype concerning dominant and recessive alleles.
  • Having a heterozygous genotype means that an organism carries two different alleles for a specific gene, one being dominant and the other recessive. In this case, the phenotypic expression will be determined by the dominant allele. This can impact genetic diversity within a population and influence how traits are passed down through generations. Moreover, knowing whether an organism is heterozygous or homozygous can help predict potential offspring traits using tools like Punnett squares.
• Evaluate how understanding dominant alleles contributes to advancements in fields such as agriculture or medicine.
  • Understanding dominant alleles is crucial in fields like agriculture and medicine because it allows scientists and farmers to make informed decisions about breeding practices and genetic modifications. In agriculture, knowing which traits are governed by dominant alleles can lead to the development of crops with desirable characteristics, such as disease resistance or higher yield. In medicine, understanding how certain genetic conditions are inherited through dominant alleles aids in diagnosing and managing genetic disorders, providing valuable insights for treatment options and family planning.

Related terms

recessive allele:

A recessive allele is a variant of a gene that does not express its traits in the presence of a dominant allele and only manifests when two recessive alleles are present.

homozygous:

An organism is homozygous when it has two identical alleles for a particular gene, either both dominant or both recessive.

heterozygous:

An organism is heterozygous when it has two different alleles for a particular gene, one dominant and one recessive.