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Polonnaruwa Period

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

The Polonnaruwa Period refers to a significant era in Sri Lankan history, lasting from the 11th to the 13th centuries, marked by advancements in architecture, sculpture, and urban planning. It is known for its rich artistic expressions and the establishment of a powerful centralized kingdom that fostered cultural development and trade.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The Polonnaruwa Period saw the construction of impressive architectural monuments, such as the Royal Palace and the Gal Vihara rock temple complex.
  2. Sculpture during this period reached new heights, with intricate carvings depicting Buddhist themes and narratives, showcasing exceptional artistry.
  3. The reign of King Parakramabahu I was notable for significant infrastructure projects, including the development of reservoirs and irrigation systems to support agriculture.
  4. The Polonnaruwa Period also marked a time of thriving trade with other regions, contributing to economic prosperity and cultural exchange.
  5. Artistic styles from this period had a lasting influence on subsequent Sri Lankan art, establishing foundational elements that persisted through later eras.

Review Questions

  • How did the architectural advancements during the Polonnaruwa Period reflect the cultural values of the time?
    • The architectural advancements during the Polonnaruwa Period showcased a blend of functionality and artistic expression that reflected the era's cultural values. The construction of monumental structures like the Royal Palace and rock temples emphasized the importance of Buddhism and royal authority. These buildings were not only places of worship but also symbols of political power, illustrating how art and architecture served to unify society under a central kingdom while promoting spiritual beliefs.
  • Discuss the impact of King Parakramabahu I's reign on agriculture and trade in Sri Lanka during the Polonnaruwa Period.
    • King Parakramabahu I's reign had a transformative impact on agriculture and trade in Sri Lanka during the Polonnaruwa Period. He implemented extensive irrigation projects, including reservoirs that allowed for more efficient farming practices and increased agricultural productivity. This agricultural surplus bolstered trade both locally and with neighboring regions, enhancing economic stability and facilitating cultural exchanges that enriched Sri Lankan society.
  • Evaluate how the artistic achievements of the Polonnaruwa Period contributed to the development of Sri Lankan identity in subsequent historical periods.
    • The artistic achievements of the Polonnaruwa Period played a crucial role in shaping Sri Lankan identity in later historical periods by establishing a distinctive style rooted in Buddhist iconography and local craftsmanship. The intricate sculptures and architectural innovations served as symbols of national pride and continuity, influencing subsequent artistic endeavors. As these styles persisted over time, they reinforced a sense of cultural heritage that connected future generations to their historical roots, ultimately defining Sri Lanka's rich artistic legacy.