William James Whittlesey

Definition

William James Whittlesey was an American archaeologist and one of the pioneers in archaeological survey techniques, particularly known for his contributions to the development of systematic field methods in archaeology. His work emphasized the importance of meticulous data collection and mapping during surveys, which have greatly influenced modern practices in the field. Whittlesey's methodologies helped establish a more scientific approach to understanding archaeological sites and landscapes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Whittlesey's work primarily focused on the integration of scientific methods into archaeological surveys, which included careful planning and documentation.
2. He was known for advocating the use of maps and visual aids to enhance data collection during field surveys, allowing for better analysis later on.
3. Whittlesey's techniques laid the groundwork for modern archaeological practices, including stratigraphy and site excavation planning.
4. His emphasis on detailed record-keeping during surveys highlighted the importance of data accuracy and reproducibility in archaeological research.
5. Whittlesey also contributed to the understanding of cultural landscapes by examining how human activities shaped their environments over time.

Review Questions

• How did William James Whittlesey's approach to archaeological survey techniques enhance the accuracy of data collection?
  • William James Whittlesey enhanced the accuracy of data collection through his systematic field methods, which included careful planning, meticulous documentation, and the use of maps. His emphasis on visual aids allowed archaeologists to better understand site layouts and artifact distribution. This structured approach provided a clear framework for researchers to follow, ensuring that important details were not overlooked during fieldwork.
• Discuss the impact of Whittlesey's methodologies on the evolution of archaeological survey techniques in the 20th century.
  • Whittlesey's methodologies significantly impacted the evolution of archaeological survey techniques by introducing a scientific approach that prioritized data integrity and thoroughness. His techniques paved the way for standardized practices in field archaeology, including stratigraphic excavation and systematic sampling. This shift towards a more rigorous methodology allowed archaeologists to create a more detailed understanding of past human behaviors and environmental interactions, influencing research practices well into the 20th century.
• Evaluate the long-term implications of Whittlesey's contributions to archaeological survey techniques on contemporary archaeology.
  • The long-term implications of William James Whittlesey's contributions to archaeological survey techniques are profound in contemporary archaeology. His focus on scientific methods has led to increased collaboration across disciplines, incorporating technology such as remote sensing and GIS in modern surveys. This has enabled archaeologists to analyze larger landscapes more efficiently while maintaining a high standard of data accuracy. The foundational principles laid down by Whittlesey continue to guide current best practices, ensuring that future archaeological research remains robust and credible.

Related terms

Site Survey: A systematic examination of an area to locate and record archaeological sites and artifacts through techniques like surface collection and aerial photography.

Remote Sensing:

The use of satellite or aerial imagery to gather data about archaeological sites without direct contact, allowing for large-scale landscape analysis.

Contextual Analysis: The practice of interpreting artifacts within the spatial and temporal context in which they are found, crucial for understanding their significance.