key term - Reconnaissance Survey

Definition

A reconnaissance survey is a preliminary investigation aimed at identifying and assessing archaeological sites and resources over a broad area. This method is crucial for archaeologists to gather initial data, locate potential excavation sites, and understand the landscape before conducting more intensive research. It typically involves walking the terrain, recording surface artifacts, and noting geographical features that may indicate the presence of cultural materials.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Reconnaissance surveys often employ techniques such as systematic walking or grid survey to cover large areas efficiently.
2. This type of survey helps archaeologists prioritize areas for detailed study based on the density of artifacts found during the initial assessment.
3. Reconnaissance surveys can reveal patterns in artifact distribution that inform hypotheses about past human behavior and settlement strategies.
4. These surveys are usually non-invasive, making them an essential tool for protecting archaeological sites while gathering data.
5. Modern technology like GPS and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) enhances reconnaissance surveys by allowing for precise mapping and data analysis.

Review Questions

• How does a reconnaissance survey contribute to the overall archaeological research process?
  • A reconnaissance survey serves as a critical first step in the archaeological research process by allowing archaeologists to gather preliminary data about a larger area. This survey helps identify potential sites for more intensive study and provides insights into the distribution of artifacts. By understanding where significant materials are located, researchers can prioritize their excavation efforts and formulate research questions based on the patterns observed during the survey.
• Discuss the advantages and limitations of using reconnaissance surveys in archaeological investigations.
  • Reconnaissance surveys offer several advantages, including the ability to cover large areas quickly, gather non-invasive data, and identify sites that may require further investigation. However, they also have limitations; for instance, they rely heavily on surface visibility, which may miss buried artifacts. Additionally, surveys can be affected by environmental factors or previous disturbances, potentially leading to incomplete or biased data regarding the archaeological landscape.
• Evaluate how advancements in technology have changed the methods used in reconnaissance surveys and their implications for archaeological research.
  • Advancements in technology, such as GPS and GIS, have significantly transformed reconnaissance surveys by enabling more precise mapping and data collection. These tools allow archaeologists to analyze spatial relationships between artifacts and geographical features efficiently. As a result, researchers can develop more nuanced interpretations of human behavior over time. The integration of remote sensing technologies also allows for identifying subsurface features without excavation, broadening the scope of what can be discovered during reconnaissance surveys and enhancing overall research outcomes.

Related terms

Site Survey: A systematic process of collecting information about a specific archaeological site, including mapping, artifact collection, and assessing site conditions.

Remote Sensing:

The use of aerial or satellite imagery to detect archaeological features and sites without physical excavation.

Surface Collection: The practice of gathering artifacts visible on the surface of the ground during a survey, providing insights into the site's history and use.