key term - Kathleen Kenyon

Definition

Kathleen Kenyon was a prominent British archaeologist known for her pioneering work in the field of archaeology, particularly in the excavation of Jericho and Jerusalem during the mid-20th century. Her innovative techniques in stratigraphic excavation significantly influenced modern archaeological methods, emphasizing the importance of careful excavation and documentation to uncover layers of history at archaeological sites.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Kenyon's excavations at Jericho revealed evidence of one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, showcasing a complex history of human settlement.
2. She emphasized the significance of stratigraphic excavation, where layers are carefully documented to provide insights into the chronological sequence of human activities.
3. Kenyon introduced rigorous methods for analyzing pottery and artifacts found at excavation sites, allowing for better dating and understanding of cultural contexts.
4. Her work in Jerusalem contributed to debates about the historical accuracy of biblical accounts by providing tangible archaeological evidence.
5. Kathleen Kenyon's contributions helped shift archaeology towards a more scientific approach, advocating for careful documentation and preservation in excavations.

Review Questions

• How did Kathleen Kenyon's approach to stratigraphic excavation change archaeological practices?
  • Kathleen Kenyon's approach to stratigraphic excavation revolutionized archaeological practices by introducing meticulous methods for documenting each layer of soil encountered during excavations. This focus on stratigraphy allowed archaeologists to construct a clearer timeline of human activity at sites like Jericho, highlighting how different cultures developed over time. Her emphasis on careful excavation techniques ensured that valuable historical contexts were preserved, leading to more accurate interpretations of findings.
• Discuss the significance of Kenyon's work in Jerusalem and how it impacted historical understandings.
  • Kenyon's work in Jerusalem had profound implications for historical understandings, particularly regarding biblical narratives. By uncovering artifacts and structures that dated back to ancient times, she provided physical evidence that either supported or challenged traditional views about historical events described in religious texts. This not only contributed to scholarly debates but also illustrated the role archaeology plays in contextualizing and verifying historical claims.
• Evaluate Kathleen Kenyon's lasting influence on modern archaeology and the methodologies employed today.
  • Kathleen Kenyon's legacy is evident in modern archaeology through her pioneering methodologies that prioritize careful excavation and documentation. Her rigorous techniques laid the groundwork for contemporary practices that emphasize stratigraphy and contextual analysis, making it possible for archaeologists to reconstruct historical narratives with greater accuracy. The emphasis she placed on the scientific method in archaeology has fostered an environment where interdisciplinary approaches are utilized, integrating fields like geology, anthropology, and history into comprehensive archaeological research.

Related terms

Stratigraphy:

A branch of geology that studies rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification), which is crucial in archaeology for understanding the chronological sequence of human activity at a site.

Excavation:

The process of systematically uncovering archaeological sites by removing soil and other materials, aimed at revealing artifacts, structures, and other evidence of past human life.

Cultural Layer: Distinct layers of soil or sediment at an archaeological site that correspond to different periods of human activity, helping researchers understand the chronology and development of cultures over time.