key term - John Lubbock

Definition

John Lubbock was a British banker, politician, and pioneering archaeologist who is best known for his work in developing scientific archaeology in the 19th century. His contributions were significant in establishing archaeology as a scientific discipline, emphasizing the importance of systematic excavation and analysis of artifacts, particularly through his influential book, 'Prehistoric Times.' Lubbock's ideas helped to promote the understanding of human prehistory and the evolution of societies.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lubbock was elected to the British Parliament and used his platform to advocate for science education and public awareness of archaeology.
2. His research emphasized the importance of studying material culture to understand the behavior and social structures of ancient peoples.
3. Lubbock was instrumental in establishing the idea that prehistory could be understood through artifacts, leading to the development of new methodologies in archaeology.
4. He played a key role in founding the British Association for the Advancement of Science and was involved in various scientific societies throughout his life.
5. Lubbock's work helped bridge the gap between natural history and archaeology, promoting a more scientific approach to understanding human history.

Review Questions

• How did John Lubbock's work influence the transition from antiquarianism to scientific archaeology?
  • John Lubbock's emphasis on systematic excavation and documentation marked a significant shift from antiquarian practices, which were often unscientific and focused on collecting artifacts without context. By promoting rigorous methodologies and analyzing artifacts as part of human history, Lubbock helped establish archaeology as a credible science. His publication 'Prehistoric Times' was pivotal in showcasing how artifacts could inform us about societal evolution, thus setting a foundation for future archaeological research.
• Discuss the impact of Lubbock's book 'Prehistoric Times' on the study of human prehistory.
  • 'Prehistoric Times' had a profound impact on the study of human prehistory by introducing essential concepts such as the Stone Age and outlining a timeline for technological advancement. This categorization helped archaeologists understand cultural development across different periods. The book also challenged existing notions about humanity's past, advocating for the study of artifacts as a means to uncover the lives and societies of prehistoric peoples. Lubbock's ideas encouraged further research and exploration into early human cultures.
• Evaluate how John Lubbock's contributions to archaeology reflect broader scientific advancements in the 19th century.
  • John Lubbock's contributions are reflective of the broader scientific advancements in the 19th century, characterized by a shift towards empirical research and evidence-based understanding. His application of evolutionary theory to archaeology showcased an integration of biological principles into social sciences, promoting a comprehensive view of human history. Additionally, Lubbock's advocacy for systematic excavation aligns with the era's emphasis on rigorous scientific methods across various fields, marking a pivotal moment where archaeology emerged as a respected academic discipline alongside biology and geology.

Related terms

Prehistoric Times: A seminal work by John Lubbock published in 1865, which laid the foundation for the study of prehistoric archaeology and introduced concepts such as the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.

Systematic Excavation: The organized and methodical approach to archaeological excavation that Lubbock advocated for, ensuring thorough documentation and analysis of findings.

Evolutionary Theory: The scientific theory that explains how species change over time, which influenced Lubbock's views on the development of human societies and cultures.