Outgroup Derogation

Definition

Outgroup derogation refers to the tendency of individuals to negatively evaluate, stereotype, and discriminate against members of groups that they do not belong to or identify with. It is a common phenomenon observed in the context of intergroup relationships, where people tend to favor their own group (the ingroup) over other groups (the outgroups).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Outgroup derogation is a manifestation of the human tendency to categorize people into ingroups and outgroups, which can lead to biases and discrimination.
2. Individuals often engage in outgroup derogation to enhance their own self-esteem and sense of belonging to the ingroup, which can be a powerful driver of intergroup conflict.
3. Outgroup derogation can take various forms, including negative stereotyping, social distancing, and even overt hostility and aggression towards outgroup members.
4. The degree of outgroup derogation can be influenced by factors such as the perceived threat or competition from the outgroup, as well as the strength of one's identification with the ingroup.
5. Overcoming outgroup derogation often requires interventions that promote cross-group contact, perspective-taking, and the development of a superordinate identity that transcends group boundaries.

Review Questions

• Explain how outgroup derogation is related to the concept of ingroup favoritism.
  • Outgroup derogation and ingroup favoritism are closely linked phenomena in the context of intergroup relationships. Ingroup favoritism, the tendency to favor and show preference for members of one's own group, often goes hand-in-hand with outgroup derogation, the negative evaluation and discrimination of members of other groups. This dynamic stems from the human tendency to categorize people into distinct groups and to derive a sense of identity and self-esteem from the groups we belong to. By elevating the status of the ingroup and denigrating the outgroup, individuals can enhance their own sense of belonging and positive self-perception, which can contribute to intergroup conflict and prejudice.
• Describe how social identity theory can help explain the underlying drivers of outgroup derogation.
  • Social identity theory provides a framework for understanding the psychological mechanisms behind outgroup derogation. According to this theory, individuals derive a significant portion of their self-esteem and sense of identity from the social groups they belong to (the ingroup). To maintain a positive self-image and a sense of belonging, people tend to engage in favoritism towards the ingroup and derogation of the outgroup. This process helps to enhance the relative status and distinctiveness of the ingroup, which in turn boosts the individual's own self-worth. The desire to preserve a positive social identity and to differentiate the ingroup from the outgroup can thus motivate individuals to engage in negative stereotyping, social distancing, and even overt hostility towards members of the outgroup.
• Evaluate the potential consequences of outgroup derogation on intergroup relationships and societal cohesion.
  • Outgroup derogation can have significant and far-reaching consequences for intergroup relationships and societal cohesion. When individuals or groups engage in the systematic denigration and discrimination of outgroup members, it can lead to the perpetuation of negative stereotypes, the escalation of intergroup conflict, and the breakdown of social harmony. Outgroup derogation can create a cycle of mistrust, resentment, and retaliation between groups, making it increasingly difficult to bridge divides and foster mutual understanding and cooperation. At the societal level, the prevalence of outgroup derogation can undermine the foundations of a pluralistic, inclusive, and cohesive social fabric, leading to the marginalization of certain groups, the erosion of democratic values, and the potential for social unrest and instability. Addressing the root causes of outgroup derogation, such as the need for a positive social identity and the fear of competition or threat from outgroups, is crucial for promoting more harmonious and equitable intergroup relations.

Related terms

Ingroup Favoritism:

The tendency to favor and show preference for members of one's own group over members of other groups.

Social Identity Theory:

A theory that explains how individuals derive their sense of identity and self-esteem from the social groups they belong to, leading to a tendency to favor the ingroup over the outgroup.

Prejudice:

A preconceived negative attitude or belief about a group of people, often based on stereotypes and a lack of direct experience with the group.