Reverse osmosis

Definition

Reverse osmosis is a process where a solvent passes through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher solute concentration to a region of lower solute concentration by applying external pressure. It is commonly used for water purification and desalination.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Reverse osmosis requires external pressure to overcome natural osmotic pressure.
2. The semipermeable membrane in reverse osmosis only allows the solvent, typically water, to pass through while blocking larger molecules or ions.
3. It is widely used in medical applications, such as dialysis for kidney patients.
4. Reverse osmosis can remove contaminants like salts, bacteria, and other impurities from water.
5. The efficiency of reverse osmosis systems depends on factors like pressure applied, temperature, and the type of membrane used.

Review Questions

• What role does external pressure play in the process of reverse osmosis?
• Why is a semipermeable membrane crucial for reverse osmosis?
• List two common applications of reverse osmosis in medical or environmental contexts.

Related terms

Osmosis: The movement of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Semipermeable Membrane: A barrier that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion and occasionally specialized processes such as facilitated diffusion or active transport.

Dialysis: A medical process that removes waste products and excess substances from the blood when the kidneys cannot do so naturally; involves the use of a semipermeable membrane.