Relativistic momentum

Definition

Relativistic momentum is the momentum of an object taking into account the effects of special relativity. It is given by $p = \gamma mv$, where $\gamma$ is the Lorentz factor, $m$ is the rest mass, and $v$ is the velocity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Relativistic momentum increases more rapidly than classical momentum as an object's speed approaches the speed of light.
2. The Lorentz factor, $\gamma$, in relativistic momentum is defined as $\gamma = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}}}$.
3. Relativistic momentum reduces to classical momentum ($p = mv$) at low velocities (when $v << c$).
4. Conservation of momentum in relativistic mechanics still holds true and must account for relativistic effects.
5. As velocity approaches the speed of light, relativistic momentum approaches infinity.

Review Questions

Related terms

Lorentz Factor:

$\gamma = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}}}$, a factor that accounts for time dilation and length contraction in special relativity.

Rest Mass:

The mass of an object when it is at rest relative to an observer, denoted by $m_0$.

Special Relativity: A theory formulated by Albert Einstein that describes the physics of moving bodies at speeds close to the speed of light and incorporates time dilation and length contraction.