Isotopes

Definition

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This results in different atomic masses while maintaining the same chemical properties.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Isotopes of an element share the same atomic number but differ in their mass numbers.
2. The stability of isotopes varies; some are stable, while others are radioactive and decay over time.
3. Radioactive isotopes can undergo alpha, beta, or gamma decay.
4. In nuclear reactions, isotopes can be used as tracers to understand mechanisms and pathways.
5. The discovery of isotopes was crucial for the development of nuclear energy and medical imaging techniques.

Review Questions

• What is the primary difference between two isotopes of the same element?
• How do radioactive isotopes differ from stable isotopes?
• Name three types of radioactive decay that isotopes might undergo.

Related terms

Atomic Number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the element's identity.

Mass Number: The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Radioactive Decay: The process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation.