Gauge bosons

Definition

Gauge bosons are fundamental particles that act as carriers of the fundamental forces in the Standard Model of particle physics. They mediate interactions between other particles, ensuring the conservation of energy and momentum.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mediator particles for the four fundamental forces: photon (electromagnetic), W and Z bosons (weak), gluons (strong), and hypothetical graviton (gravity).
2. Photons are massless gauge bosons responsible for electromagnetic force.
3. W and Z bosons are massive gauge bosons responsible for weak nuclear interactions.
4. Gluons are massless gauge bosons involved in strong nuclear interactions, binding quarks together within protons and neutrons.
5. The concept of gauge symmetry is crucial in understanding how these forces operate at the quantum level.

Review Questions

• What roles do gauge bosons play in particle physics?
• Which gauge boson is responsible for mediating the electromagnetic force?
• How do W and Z bosons differ from photons in terms of mass?

Related terms

Photon: A massless gauge boson that mediates the electromagnetic force between charged particles.

Gluon: A massless gauge boson that mediates the strong nuclear force, binding quarks together within hadrons.

W and Z Bosons: Massive gauge bosons that mediate weak nuclear interactions, playing a key role in processes like beta decay.