Free electrons

Definition

Free electrons are electrons that are not bound to atoms and can move freely within a conductive material. They play a crucial role in the conduction of electricity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Free electrons are primarily found in conductors such as metals.
2. The movement of free electrons constitutes an electric current in conductive materials.
3. In insulators, there are very few or no free electrons available to conduct electricity.
4. The presence of free electrons explains why metals can efficiently transfer electric charge.
5. Thermal energy can increase the number of free electrons by freeing them from their atomic bonds.

Review Questions

• What is the primary role of free electrons in conductors?
• Why do insulators have very few or no free electrons?
• How does thermal energy affect the number of free electrons in a material?

Related terms

Conductor: A material that allows the flow of electric charge due to the presence of free electrons.

Insulator: A material that resists the flow of electric charge because it lacks free electrons.

Electric Current: The flow of electric charge, typically measured in amperes, often carried by moving free electrons in a conductor.