Faraday's Law of Induction states that a change in magnetic flux through a loop induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the wire. The induced EMF is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.
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The formula for Faraday's Law is $\mathcal{E} = - \frac{d\Phi_B}{dt}$ where $\mathcal{E}$ is the induced EMF and $\Phi_B$ is the magnetic flux.
Lenz’s Law helps determine the direction of the induced current, stating that it will oppose the change in magnetic flux that produced it.
Magnetic flux ($\Phi_B$) is given by $\Phi_B = B \cdot A \cdot \cos(\theta)$, where $B$ is the magnetic field, $A$ is the area, and $\theta$ is the angle between them.
Faraday's Law applies to both closed loops and coils, with coils having an EMF multiplied by the number of turns ($N$): $\mathcal{E} = - N \frac{d\Phi_B}{dt}$.
Practical applications include generators, transformers, and inductors which all operate based on principles from Faraday’s Law.
Review Questions
What does Faraday's Law of Induction state about changing magnetic flux?
How does Lenz’s Law relate to Faraday’s Law when determining the direction of induced current?
What factors influence magnetic flux according to its formula?