Current Divider

Definition

A current divider is a circuit configuration that allows the division of an input current into two or more output currents, with the ratio of the output currents determined by the resistor values in the circuit. It is a fundamental concept in the analysis of resistors in series and parallel configurations.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The current divider ratio determines the proportion of the input current that flows through each resistor in a parallel circuit.
2. The current divider ratio is inversely proportional to the resistance values of the parallel resistors.
3. In a series circuit, the current is the same through each resistor, but the voltage drops across each resistor are different.
4. The current divider principle can be used to design circuits that distribute current in a desired manner, such as in electronic amplifiers and power supplies.
5. Understanding the current divider concept is essential for analyzing and designing complex resistor networks in both series and parallel configurations.

Review Questions

• Explain how the current divider principle applies in a parallel resistor circuit.
  • In a parallel resistor circuit, the current divider principle states that the current through each resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance value. This means that the resistor with the lower resistance will carry a larger portion of the total current, while the resistor with the higher resistance will carry a smaller portion. The ratio of the current through each resistor is determined by the ratio of their resistance values, allowing for the division of the input current into desired proportions.
• Describe how the current divider principle differs from the voltage divider principle in a series resistor circuit.
  • While the voltage divider principle applies to the division of voltage across series resistors, the current divider principle applies to the division of current in a parallel resistor circuit. In a series circuit, the current is the same through each resistor, but the voltage drops across each resistor are different and determined by their resistance values. In contrast, the current divider principle states that the current through each parallel resistor is inversely proportional to its resistance, allowing for the division of the input current into desired proportions.
• Analyze how the current divider principle can be used to design circuits that distribute current in a desired manner, such as in electronic amplifiers and power supplies.
  • The current divider principle is a fundamental concept in the design of electronic circuits, as it allows for the controlled distribution of current among various components. In amplifier circuits, the current divider can be used to bias transistors and other active devices, ensuring they operate within their desired range. In power supply circuits, the current divider can be employed to distribute the load current among multiple output channels, allowing for efficient and regulated power delivery to different subsystems. By understanding and applying the current divider principle, circuit designers can optimize the performance and functionality of a wide range of electronic devices and systems.

Related terms

Series Resistors: Resistors connected end-to-end, where the same current flows through each resistor.

Parallel Resistors: Resistors connected with the same voltage across each resistor, allowing current to divide among them.

Voltage Divider:

A circuit configuration that divides an input voltage into two or more output voltages, based on the resistor values.