key term - X-ray crystallography

Definition

X-ray crystallography is a technique used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal by measuring the angles and intensities of X-rays that are diffracted through the crystal. The data obtained allows scientists to construct a three-dimensional model of the electron density within the crystal.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. X-ray crystallography is crucial in identifying lattice structures within crystalline solids.
2. The technique relies on Bragg's Law, which relates the wavelength of X-rays to diffraction angles and lattice spacing.
3. X-ray crystallography can be used to determine unit cell dimensions and symmetry.
4. It provides detailed information about atomic positions within a crystal lattice.
5. This method is widely used in chemistry, biology, and materials science to study crystalline compounds.

Review Questions

Related terms

Bragg's Law: A fundamental equation that relates the angles at which X-rays are diffracted by the planes in a crystal lattice: $n\lambda = 2d\sin(\theta)$.

Unit Cell:

The smallest repeating unit in a crystal lattice that defines its overall structure.

Electron Density Map:

A three-dimensional representation of where electrons are located within a crystal, derived from X-ray diffraction data.