Sp3d2 hybrid orbitals

Definition

sp3d2 hybrid orbitals are formed by the mixing of one s orbital, three p orbitals, and two d orbitals from the same atom to produce six equivalent hybrid orbitals. These orbitals are typically involved in forming octahedral geometries in molecules.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. sp3d2 hybridization occurs in atoms that have available d orbitals, typically elements in the third period or below.
2. Molecules with sp3d2 hybridization exhibit an octahedral geometry with bond angles of 90 degrees.
3. An example of a molecule with sp3d2 hybridization is SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride).
4. The energy levels of the sp3d2 hybrid orbitals are intermediate between those of the original atomic s, p, and d orbitals.
5. Hybridization theory helps explain the bonding and shapes of molecules that cannot be described by simple valence bond theory.

Review Questions

Related terms

Hybridization:

A concept in chemistry where atomic orbitals mix to form new, equivalent hybrid orbitals suitable for chemical bonding.

Octahedral Geometry: A molecular shape where six atoms or groups are symmetrically arranged around a central atom at bond angles of 90 degrees.

Valence Bond Theory:

A theory that explains how electron pairs are shared between atoms to form chemical bonds via overlapping atomic orbitals.