Sp3d hybrid orbitals

Definition

sp3d hybrid orbitals result from the mixing of one s orbital, three p orbitals, and one d orbital. They form five equivalent sp3d hybrid orbitals that are oriented in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The sp3d hybridization involves one s orbital, three p orbitals, and one d orbital.
2. sp3d hybrid orbitals have a trigonal bipyramidal shape.
3. Molecules with sp3d hybridization typically exhibit 90°, 120°, and 180° bond angles.
4. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) is a common example of a molecule with sp3d hybridization.
5. In an sp3d hybridized molecule, there are five regions of electron density around the central atom.

Review Questions

Related terms

Hybridization:

The process of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for bonding.

Trigonal Bipyramidal:

A molecular geometry where a central atom is surrounded by five atoms in a geometry with two distinct positions: axial (linear) and equatorial (triangular).

Electron Density Regions: Areas around an atom where electrons are most likely to be found; used to predict molecular shapes based on VSEPR theory.