Rutherford

Definition

Ernest Rutherford was a physicist known for his pioneering work in nuclear physics and the development of the Rutherford model of the atom. He discovered the nucleus through his gold foil experiment, fundamentally changing our understanding of atomic structure.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Rutherford's gold foil experiment demonstrated that atoms have a small, dense nucleus.
2. He proposed that electrons orbit this nucleus, which led to the Rutherford model of the atom.
3. Rutherford discovered alpha and beta radiation and contributed significantly to the study of radioactive decay.
4. He coined the term 'proton' for the positively charged particles in the nucleus.
5. Rutherford's work laid the foundation for later models of atomic structure, including Bohr's model.

Review Questions

Related terms

Gold Foil Experiment:

An experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford where alpha particles were shot at thin gold foil; most passed through, but some were deflected, leading to the discovery of the atomic nucleus.

Alpha Particle:

A type of ionizing radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons emitted from a decaying atomic nucleus.

Proton:

A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a positive electric charge.