Overlap

Definition

Overlap refers to the interaction between atomic orbitals on different atoms that leads to the formation of a covalent bond. The degree of overlap determines the strength and stability of the bond.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Greater orbital overlap results in stronger covalent bonds.
2. Sigma bonds ($\sigma$) are formed by head-on overlapping of orbitals.
3. Pi bonds ($\pi$) are formed by sideways overlap of p-orbitals.
4. Overlap can occur between s, p, and hybrid orbitals like sp, sp2, and sp3.
5. Effective overlap requires proper orientation and compatible energy levels of interacting orbitals.

Review Questions

• What is the relationship between orbital overlap and bond strength?
• How do sigma and pi bonds differ in terms of orbital overlap?
• Why is proper orientation important for effective orbital overlap?

Related terms

Sigma Bond:

$\sigma$ bond involves head-on overlapping of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis.

Pi Bond: $\pi$ bond involves sideways overlapping of parallel p-orbitals above and below the internuclear axis.

Hybridization:

The process where atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for pairing electrons to form chemical bonds.