Neutralization reaction

Definition

A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form water and a salt. This type of reaction typically involves the combination of hydrogen ions ($H^+$) from the acid and hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) from the base.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Neutralization reactions are generally exothermic, releasing heat.
2. The general equation for a neutralization reaction is $HA + BOH \rightarrow BA + H_2O$, where HA is an acid and BOH is a base.
3. In stoichiometry, mole ratios are crucial for balancing neutralization reactions.
4. Neutralization reactions are used in titration to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.
5. Indicators like phenolphthalein are often used to identify the endpoint of a neutralization reaction.

Review Questions

• What products are formed in a typical neutralization reaction?
• Why are indicators used in titration involving neutralization reactions?
• Write the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization of hydrochloric acid (HCl) with sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

Related terms

Acid: A substance that donates hydrogen ions ($H^+$) when dissolved in water.

Base: A substance that donates hydroxide ions ($OH^-$) when dissolved in water.

Titration:

An analytical technique where one solution is used to analyze another by gradual addition until the reaction reaches completion, often indicated by a color change.