Magic numbers

Definition

Magic numbers are specific numbers of nucleons (either protons or neutrons) that result in more stable atomic nuclei. These numbers are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Magic numbers correspond to complete nuclear shells within the nucleus.
2. Nuclei with magic numbers of protons or neutrons are generally more stable than those without.
3. The concept of magic numbers is crucial for understanding why certain isotopes are more common and stable.
4. Magic numbers were first proposed by physicist Maria Goeppert Mayer in the mid-20th century.
5. In addition to stability, nuclei with magic numbers often have higher binding energy per nucleon.

Review Questions

• What are the recognized magic numbers in nuclear chemistry?
• How do magic numbers contribute to the stability of an atomic nucleus?
• Who proposed the concept of magic numbers and when?

Related terms

Nucleon: A proton or neutron found in the nucleus of an atom.

Binding Energy: The energy required to disassemble a nucleus into its component nucleons.

Isotope:

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.