Lone pairs

Definition

Lone pairs are pairs of valence electrons that are not involved in chemical bonding. They are typically represented as dots in Lewis structures.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lone pairs occupy more space around an atom than bonding pairs, affecting molecular geometry.
2. Lone pairs can influence the polarity of a molecule.
3. Each lone pair consists of two electrons.
4. Lewis structures represent lone pairs as dots placed around the atomic symbol.
5. Lone pairs can participate in reactions as electron donors.

Review Questions

• What is the effect of lone pairs on molecular geometry?
• How are lone pairs represented in Lewis structures?
• Why do lone pairs occupy more space compared to bonding pairs?

Related terms

Valence Electrons:

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are available for bonding.

Lewis Structure:

A diagram showing the arrangement of valence electrons among atoms in a molecule.

Bonding Pair: A pair of valence electrons shared between two atoms, forming a covalent bond.