Ionic solids

Definition

Ionic solids are a type of crystalline solid composed of ions held together by strong electrostatic forces (ionic bonds). They typically form when metals react with non-metals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ionic solids have high melting and boiling points due to the strength of the ionic bonds.
2. They are usually hard and brittle, breaking along specific planes.
3. In solid form, ionic solids do not conduct electricity; however, they can conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water.
4. The lattice structure of ionic solids is highly ordered and maximizes the attraction between oppositely charged ions while minimizing repulsion between like charges.
5. Common examples include table salt (NaCl), magnesium oxide (MgO), and calcium fluoride (CaF_2).

Review Questions

• What type of bond holds together the ions in an ionic solid?
• Why do ionic solids have high melting and boiling points?
• Explain why ionic solids can conduct electricity when dissolved in water but not in their solid state.

Related terms

Covalent Solids: Solids where atoms are bonded by covalent bonds forming a continuous network throughout the material.

Metallic Solids: Solids comprised of metal atoms sharing a 'sea' of delocalized electrons which allows for conductivity and malleability.

Molecular Solids: Solids consisting of molecules held together by intermolecular forces such as London dispersion, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds.