A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that exists in the same phase as the reactants, typically in a solution. It facilitates the reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.
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Homogeneous catalysts often involve transition metals complexed with ligands.
They can be precisely controlled and modified at the molecular level to enhance selectivity and efficiency in reactions.
One of their main advantages is uniform distribution within the reaction mixture, which allows for consistent catalytic activity.
Homogeneous catalysis often results in faster reaction rates compared to heterogeneous catalysis due to better interaction between the catalyst and reactants.
A common example of a homogeneous catalyst is an acid or base catalyst in aqueous solution.
Review Questions
What are the primary advantages of using homogeneous catalysts over heterogeneous catalysts?
Provide an example of a homogeneous catalyst and describe its role in a specific chemical reaction.
How does a homogeneous catalyst lower the activation energy of a reaction?
\text{A theory that explains how chemical reactions occur and why reaction rates differ for different reactions based on the concept of transition states.}