Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
The Hall–Héroult cell is an electrolytic cell used for the industrial production of aluminum. It involves passing an electric current through a molten mixture of alumina (Al$_2$O$_3$) dissolved in cryolite.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
The Hall–Héroult process is the primary method for producing aluminum worldwide.
In the Hall–Héroult cell, alumina (Al$_2$O$_3$) is dissolved in molten cryolite (Na$_3$AlF$_6$) to lower its melting point.
The electrolytic reaction occurs at around 950°C to 980°C, requiring high energy input.
Carbon electrodes are used in the process; the carbon anode reacts with oxygen produced during electrolysis, forming CO$_2$ and consuming the anode over time.
This process was independently developed by Charles Martin Hall and Paul Héroult in 1886.