Free radicals

Definition

Free radicals are molecules or atoms that possess an unpaired electron in their outermost shell, making them highly reactive. They can engage in various chemical reactions, often causing damage to other molecules.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Free radicals are typically very unstable due to the presence of an unpaired electron.
2. They can be formed during normal metabolic processes within the body or through external sources like radiation and pollution.
3. In Lewis structures, free radicals are depicted with a single dot representing the unpaired electron.
4. Free radicals play a crucial role in chain reactions, such as those seen in polymerization processes and combustion.
5. Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals by donating an electron, thus preventing potential cellular damage.

Review Questions

• What makes free radicals highly reactive?
• How are free radicals depicted in Lewis structures?
• Why are antioxidants important in relation to free radicals?

Related terms

Lewis Structure: A diagram that represents the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist.

Antioxidant: A molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules by donating an electron to neutralize free radicals.

Chain Reaction: A series of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions to take place.