Fourth transition series

Definition

The fourth transition series consists of the elements in the periodic table from hafnium (Hf) to rutherfordium (Rf), which occupy the 5d block. These metals exhibit typical properties of transition metals, such as variable oxidation states and the formation of colored compounds.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The fourth transition series includes elements from hafnium (Hf) to rutherfordium (Rf).
2. These elements predominantly fill their 5d orbitals with electrons.
3. Hafnium and tantalum are known for their high melting points and resistance to corrosion.
4. Osmium and iridium, also part of this series, are among the densest elements known.
5. These metals often form complex ions and exhibit multiple oxidation states.

Review Questions

Related terms

Transition Metals:

Elements that have partially filled d orbitals and exhibit properties such as variable oxidation states and catalytic activity.

Oxidation States:

The charge that an atom would have if all bonds were completely ionic. Transition metals often have multiple possible oxidation states.

Coordination Chemistry:

A branch of chemistry focused on compounds formed between metal ions and ligands, often involving complex ions.